📄 Abstract
Introduction: Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease resulting from exposure to irritants or environmental allergens. It is mainly classified into irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis, both with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms but similar clinical manifestations. Its high prevalence and impact on quality of life make it a relevant condition in dermatological and occupational practice. Objective: To conduct an updated literature review on the pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of contact dermatitis, integrating the most recent available scientific evidence. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted through a search of scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Original articles, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and consensus statements published mainly in the last 10 years and related to contact dermatitis were included. The information was analyzed and synthesized descriptively by thematic categories. Results: Irritant contact dermatitis results from direct damage to the skin barrier with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T lymphocytes. The main allergens include nickel, fragrances, preservatives, and metals. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and patch testing, considered the gold standard. Treatment is based on avoidance of the causative agent, use of topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and skin barrier restoration measures, with systemic therapy reserved for severe cases. Conclusions: Contact dermatitis is a common and potentially recurrent condition that requires accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management. Early identification of the causative agent and patient education are essential to prevent relapses and improve quality of life. Advances in immunological understanding have improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, supporting an evidence-based approach.
🏷️ Keywords
📚 How to Cite:
Cristina Belén Burgos Ubilla, Yoaris Sidney Moreno Maturana, Maria Alejandra Betancourt Pantoja, Natalia Marín Núñez, Bryam Esteban Coello García , CONTACT DERMATITIS: UPDATE ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT , Volume 12 , Issue 6, June 2026, EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) , Pages: 823 - 826 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra28538