📄 Abstract
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as one of the most powerful technologies for managing, analysing, and visualizing spatial information. GIS integrates geographic data with attribute information to facilitate informed decision-making across various disciplines such as geography, urban planning, environmental management, agriculture, transportation, disaster management, and natural resource conservation. The technology combines computer hardware, software, spatial databases, remote sensing, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and analytical techniques to capture, store, manipulate, and display geographically referenced information. GIS enables users to identify spatial patterns, relationships, and trends that may not be evident through conventional methods of analysis. The growing adoption of GIS in government organizations, academic institutions, and private industries highlights its significance in addressing complex geographical problems. This paper discusses the concept, evolution, components, data types, applications, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of GIS. The study emphasizes the role of GIS in enhancing efficiency, improving decision-making processes, and supporting sustainable development through advanced spatial analysis and geospatial technologies.
🏷️ Keywords
📚 How to Cite:
Shreekant , FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS): CONCEPTS, COMPONENTS, APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS , Volume 12 , Issue 7, July 2026, EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) , Pages: 676 - 678 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra28715