📄 Abstract
This study explores the ongoing issues within the Philippine National Police (PNP), how political interference affects professionalism and accountability. By using a quantitative research design, data were gathered from some of the 272 police officers within Angeles City, Pampanga, their perceptions of how external and internal pressures affect the integrity and effectiveness of police operations. The research identifies the prevalence of politically motivated recruitment, promotion based on connection rather than merit. The study also examines the role of fraternal networks, the May Backer Ako (MBA) system, and loyalty to patrons over institutional mandates in shaping career advancements. Institutional oversight mechanisms such as the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) and the Internal Affairs Service (IAS) are found to be under-resource and lacking in independence, further weakening accountability. This research contributes to the discourse on reform by identifying key areas requiring policy intervention, particularly the need for independent oversight bodies, transparent merit based recruitment system, and strengthened institutional training. This study aims to support efforts towards professionalizing the PNP and fostering a police force that upholds the rule of law and public trust.
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📚 How to Cite:
Dr. Rhem Rick N. Corpuz, Ariz M. Alabastro, Dominic Nalds B. Tumang, Nathaniel V. Vergara , PERCEIVED POLITICAL PATRONAGE IN RECRUITMENT, APPOINTMENT, AND PROMOTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR MERITOCRACY, INSTITUTIONAL TRUST, AND WORKFORCE OUTCOMES IN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE , Volume 11 , Issue 12, December 2025, EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) , DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra25480